Read More About It!

WWW info on early seed plants:

• UCMP exhibit on
  • "trimerophytes", that is, Pertica and Psilophyton
  • progymnosperms
  • seed plants
  • the Devonian
  • the Carboniferous
• Pennsylvanian Research (source page)

Banks, H.P., S. Leclercq, and F.M. Hueber. 1975. Anatomy and morphology of Psilophyton dawconii, sp. no., from the Late Lower Devonian of Quebec (Gaspe), and Ontario, Canada. Palaeontographica America 8:77-127.

Beck, C.B. 1957. Tetraxylopteris schmidtii gen. et sp. nov., a probably pteridosperm precursor from the Devonian of New York. American Journal of Botany 44:350-367.

Beck, C.B. 1960. Connection between Archaeopteris and Callixylon. Science 131:1524-1525.

Beck, C.B. 1970. The appearance of gymnospermous structure. Biological Reviews 45:379-400.

Beck, C.B., K. Coy and R. Schmid. 1982. Observation on the fine structure of Callixylon wood. American Journal of Botany 69:54-76.

Benson, M.J. 1914. Sphaerostoma ovale (Conostoma oval et intermedium,Williamson), a Lower Carboniferous ovule from Pettycur, Fifeshire, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 50:1-15.

Bernard, P.D.W. 1959. On Eosperma oxroadense gen. at sp. nov.: a new Lower Carboniferous seed from East Lothian. Annals of Botany, new series 23:285-296.

Bonamo, P.M. and H.P. Banks. 1975. The Progymnospermopsids: Building a concept. Taxon 24:569-759.

DiMichele, W.A., J.I. Davis and R.G. Olmstead. 1989. Origins of heterospory and the seed habit: the role of heterochrony. Taxon 38:1-11.

Eggert, D.A. and T.N. Taylor. 1971. Telangiopsis gen. nov., an Upper Mississippian pollen organ from Arkansas. Botanical Gazette 132:30-37.

Gensel, P.G. 1979. Two Psilophyton species from the Lower Devonian of eastern Canada with a discussion of morphological variation within the genus. Palaeontographica B 168:81-99.

Long, A.G. 1944. On the prothallus of Lageonstoma ovoides Will. Annals of Botany, new series 8:105-117.

Long, A.G. 1963. Some specimens of Lyginorachis papilio Kidston associated with stems of Pitys. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 65:211-224.

Millay, M.A. and D.A. Eggert and R.L. Dennis. 1978. Morphology and ultrastructure of four Pennsylvanian prepollen types. Micropaleontology 24:305-315.

Millay, M.A. and T.N. Taylor. 1977. Feraxothexa gen. n., a lyginopterid pollen organ from the Pennsylvanian of North America. American Journal of Botany 64:177-185.

Oliver, F.W. and D.H. Scott. 1904. On the structure of the Paleozoic seed Lagenostoma lomxi, with a statement of the evidence upon which it is referred to Lyginodendron. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 197B:193-247.

Phillips, T.L., H.N. Andrews and P.G. Gensel. 1972. Two heterosporous species of Archaeopteris from the Upper Devonian of West Virginia. Palaeontographica B 139:47-71.

Rothwell, G.W., S.E. Scheckler and W.H. Gillespie. 1989. Elkinsia gen. nov., a late Devonian gymnosperm with cupulate ovules. Botanical Gazette 150:170-189.

Scheckler, S.E. 1975. A fertile axis of Triloboxylon ashlandicum, a progymnosperm from the Upper Devonian of New York. American Journal of Botany 62:923-934.

Scheckler, S.E. 1976. Ontogeny of progymnosperms, Part 1: Shoots of Upper Devonian Aneurophytales. Canadian Journal of Botany 54:202-219.

Scheckler, S.E. 1978. Ontogeny of progymnosperms, Part 2: Shoots of Upper Devonian Archaeopteridales. Canadian Journal of Botany 56:3136-3170.

Taylor, T.N. and M.A. Millay. 1981a. Morphologic variability of Pennsylvanian lyginopterid seed ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 32:27-62.

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